Genetic engineering on the other hand is a process whereby an organism is deliberately altered through biotechnology techniques with regards to its genetic information. It is a process of changing the hereditary makeup of a cell or organism either by adding, removing or changing the DNA or RNA sequence with an aim of getting desirable phenotypes. This can be achieved in two ways, which is through directly adding, deleting or changing for specific genes within the DNA of an organism. Genetic engineering is practiced in a wide range of areas that borders on agriculture, medicine, and industries, by enhancing the crop yield, producing drugs, disease resistant animals, and many others. It has brought drastic change in genetics field and provided us with excellent opportunity and scope to enhance our knowledge in this filed.

The genome engineering market is therefore centred on those technologies and methodologies that seek to alter the genetic structure. These include methods like CRISPR-Cas9, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), and recombinant DNA technology, which enables putting precise changes in the DNA sequences.